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# CE Compliance for E-Bikes and Electric Scooters

The compliance path for e-bikes depends entirely on the motor power and the maximum assisted speed. A standard pedelec needs CE marking under EN 15194. A 45 km/h speed pedelec needs vehicle type approval. Knowing which category your product falls into is step one.

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## E-bike categories and compliance routes

### EPAC (Electrically Power Assisted Cycle) / Pedelec

Max 250W motor, assist cuts out at 25 km/h

EN 15194 standard; not a motor vehicle, no type approval needed. CE marking under EMC + LVD.

### Speed pedelec (S-Pedelec)

Max 4 kW motor, assist to 45 km/h

Type-approval as a L1e vehicle under EU 168/2013; not a standard CE marking route.

### Electric scooter (kick scooter, sit-on)

Varies by national rules; often < 250W, < 25 km/h for personal use

Not harmonised at EU level. National rules apply. Typically: CE marking under EMC, LVD, Battery Regulation.

### Electric cargo bike

Same limits as EPAC if motor-assisted cycling

EN 15194 + additional structural tests depending on configuration and payload.

## What EN 15194 covers for EPAC compliance

01

Electrical safety of the battery system and motor controller

02

Protection against overload, short circuit, and overtemperature

03

EMC — radiated emissions and immunity (test levels per EN 55014 series)

04

Battery charging system safety including charger and BMS interactions

05

Water ingress protection (minimum IP54 for drive system components in most interpretations)

06

User instructions including maximum assisted speed and power declaration

## Battery Regulation obligations for e-bike batteries

*   CE marking of the battery system under LVD (if operating above 75V DC) or safety assessment under EN 15194
*   RoHS compliance for all battery electronic components
*   Battery Regulation 2023/1542 labelling requirements: capacity, chemistry, removability symbol
*   SCIP database notification if battery contains SVHCs above 0.1% w/w
*   Capacity declaration (Wh) on the battery and in the product documentation

## Frequently asked questions

### Does an e-bike sold in the EU need type approval?

Standard pedelecs (EPAC) with motor power ≤250W and assist cut-off at 25 km/h are excluded from the EU vehicle type approval regulation (168/2013). They are treated as regular bicycles with electrical assistance and require CE marking under EN 15194, EMC, and LVD. Speed pedelecs (45 km/h) and throttle-operated electric bikes require L1e vehicle type approval from a national approval authority.

### Can a non-EU e-bike manufacturer sell in the EU without type approval?

For standard pedelecs (EPAC), yes — CE marking under the relevant directives and EN 15194 is required, but no government type approval is needed. The manufacturer's EU importer bears importer obligations. For speed pedelecs and throttle-operated e-bikes that are classified as motor vehicles, EU type approval from a Member State approval authority is required.

### What battery testing is needed for an e-bike?

EN 15194 covers battery safety aspects for EPACs. The battery must be tested for electrical safety, overcharge protection, short circuit, and thermal runaway containment. If the battery is removable and sold separately, it may need its own CE marking. UN 38.3 transport testing is needed for lithium batteries shipped internationally.

**Disclaimer:** Educational resource only. Not legal or engineering advice. E-bike regulation is subject to national implementation variations. Verify requirements with a qualified engineer in each target market.

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